Imirongo itatu kumurongo umwe - umusarani ugeze kumeza yawe:$ 26.50 FOB, $ 29.00 FOB, na$ 31.80 FOB. Umubare uhendutse cyane usa nkicyemezo cyoroshye - kugeza igihe kontineri yambere iguye hamwe na pinhole ya glaze hejuru ya 6% yibice hamwe nicyemezo cyo kwinjiza amazi kidakurikiza isoko ryinjira mu isoko.
Ibikoresho by'isuku ni amasezerano yo kubisobanura, ntabwo ari igiciro. Kugeza igihe buri jambo risanzwe kurupapuro rumwe - umubiri umwe, umwirondoro umwe wo kurasa, kurangiza kimwe, amagambo yubucuruzi - imibare ntabwo igereranywa.
1. Impamvu ibiciro bya FOB bibeshya
Umubare umwe wa FOB ni ikintu gito cyo gutanga amakuru kuri cote. Ni igiteranyo cyibintu byibura bine buri mutanga avanga muburyo butandukanye: ibisobanuro bifatika, inzira yumusaruro uri inyuma yacyo, amagambo yubucuruzi aherekejwe, hamwe ninyandiko utanga isoko yiteguye guhagarara inyuma. Amagambo abiri ashobora kwerekana $ 28.00 kandi agasobanura ibicuruzwa $ 24 hiyongereyeho $ 4 yingaruka zikorwa kuruhande rumwe, nibicuruzwa 30 $ byagabanijwe kurundi ruhande.
Guhindura ibisanzwe ni bitatu - indero yintambwe:
- Urupapuro rumwe.Buri cote isubiza kimwe kimwe - ingingo yibanze (Igice cya 2), yanditswe muri RFQ mbere yuko ibiciro bigaruka.
- Ikadiri imwe yubucuruzi.Incoterm imwe, icyambu kimwe, ingano imwe, gahunda yo kwishyura (Igice cya 3).
- Urutonde rwibimenyetso.Buri kirego gisaba gutwara inyandiko ushobora gusaba mbere yo kubitsa (Igice cya 5).
Iyo imirongo itatu imaze kwicara kuri gride imwe, itandukaniro risigaye ni amahitamo nyayo - kandi nibyo rwose ugomba kuganira.
2. Birindwi - Ingingo Yibanze
Andika iyi mirongo irindwi muri buri RFQ hanyuma wange kugereranya amagambo asimbuka imwe murimwe. Bikubiyemo ibintu byose byerekana niba fixture ibaho imyaka icumi mumurimo cyangwa ikananirwa mumezi cumi n'umunani.
1. Ibikoresho byumubiri - Ubushinwa.Umubiri ugomba kuvugwa nka chine vitreous (kaolin - feldspar - quartz), ntabwo ari ibikoresho byubutaka, ibumba ryumuriro mwiza, cyangwa "ceramic" idafite ishuri. Uwitekavitreous china ubwiherero bwo gukorakuyobora ikurikirana uburyo umubiri wajugunywe, wumishijwe, kandi urashwe - saba abatanga isoko kwemeza urwego rwumubiri mu nyandiko kuri cote ubwayo.
2. Kurasa umwirondoro - 1280 impamyabumenyi.Umubiri wukuri wa vitreous china umubiri urasaImpamyabumenyi 1260–1300, hamwe nimirongo myinshi yohereza ibicuruzwa mubushinwa ikoraImpamyabumenyi 1280n'umunota wa 45-90 ushire mumatara ya tunnel. Munsi ya dogere 1200 umubiri ni kimwe cya kabiri - vitreous: bihendutse kumuriro, kwinjiza amazi 1-3%, hamwe nubuso bwanduye mumyaka ibiri. Ubushyuhe bwo gutwika n'ubwoko bw'itanura biri mubisobanuro bya tekinike ya cote, ntabwo biri mumasezerano. Uwitekaitanura rya tunnel vs shitingi yo kugereranyaasobanura impamvu ubwoko bw'itanura nabwo buhindura ibiciro no guhoraho.
3. Kwinjiza amazi - Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.5%.Gupimirwa kuri ISO 10545 - 3, kwinjiza amazi Bitarenze cyangwa bingana na 0.5% ni byoherezwa mu mahanga -. Amagambo avuga munsi cyangwa angana na 0.8% cyangwa "0.5-1%" ni kimwe cya kabiri - ibicuruzwa bya vitre ku giciro cyiza. Birakomeye (Bitarenze cyangwa bingana na 0.2%) birahari ariko bizamura ibikoresho na QC imirongo - yacuibikoresho by'isuku utanga ibikoresho byo kugabanukayerekana neza aho iyo premium yicaye.
4. Uburebure bwa glaze - 0.8 - 1,2mm.Baza ubunini bwa glaze hamwe nuburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kubipima (igipimo cyerekana uburebure bwa glaze ku gice cyarashwe, cyangwa umusaraba - igice). Ingengo yimari ya glaze kuri 0.5–0.8mm; ubucuruzi - urwego rutwara0.8–1.2mm. Ikirahure nigice cyibikoresho gihura n’imiti isukura buri munsi, uyu murongo rero niho "bihendutse" bigaragara mbere.
5. Kwihanganirana.Ceramic igabanuka 8-12% mukurasa kandi ifata hafi± 3-5mmku bipimo byinshi byo hanze. Icyangombwa ntabwo ari ukwihanganirana kugereranije ahubwo kwihanganira ibipimo bikomeye - imyanya yimyanya yimyanya yimyanya, hafi - intera, urukuta - imirongo yimisozi. Iwacuibipimo byo kwihanganira ibipimo mubikoresho by'isuku ceramicingingo irerekana imibare itsinda ryawe QC rigomba kugenzura kurugero rwambere.
6. Impamyabumenyi."CE yemejwe" ntabwo ari ibintu byihariye. Vuga ibyemezo bikurikizwaicyitegererezo,isoko, hamwe na boAmatariki yemewe. Icyemezo gikubiyemo icyitegererezo kimwe cyurwego ni umurongo wibicuruzwa bitandukanye nicyemezo gikubiyemo ibintu byose byoherejwe hanze - kandi itandukaniro ryibiciro nukuri. Reba niba icyemezo cyatanzwe ku ruganda cyangwa kuri moderi, kandi niba kiriho.
7. Ibikoresho byo gupakira.Amagambo agomba kuvuga icyiciro cya karito (urugero, 5 {{3} ly hamwe na ECT), kurinda imbere (EPS cyangwa gushiramo ifuro), hamwe nuburemere bwa buri karito. Gupakira bikora 8-12% bya FOB, kandi ikarito yamanuwe ntigaragara kugeza igihe ibyangiritse byambere bisabwa. Iwacuibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ibikoresho byo mu isuku ceramicKuyobora inyandiko amanota na transit ibizamini bitandukanya ibyoherezwa hanze nibipfunyika.
3. Amagambo yubucuruzi ahindura igereranya
Amagambo ane yubucuruzi yimura igiciro nyacyo kurenza umurongo wigiciro, kandi nizo zikunze gusigara kuri cote - kugeza - kugereranya.
Incoterm.FOB, CIF, EXW, na DDP ihinduka hagati y $ 15 na $ 25 kuri buri gice mugiciro cyibikoresho. UwitekaIncoterms iyobora abatumiza ibikoresho byisukuasobanura aho buri jambo rishyira ibyago hamwe no gutwara ibicuruzwa. Gereranya amagambo yose kuri manda imwe - mubisanzwe FOB icyambu kimwe - hanyuma wongereho aho ugana wenyine.
MOQ.MOQ ni itanura ry'ubukungu, ntabwo ari politiki. Uruganda rurasa ibice 1,040 kuri kilo yumutwaro wavuzwe na MOQs ikwiranye nizuba; ibicuruzwa bimwe birashobora gutwara 200-itandukanya MOQ itandukaniro hagati yinganda. Kugenzura MOQ kurwanyaubuyobozi bwo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gukora urugandauzi rero niba MOQ yerekana igorofa nyayo cyangwa intego yo kugurisha.
Kuyobora igihe.Sobanura ibisobanuro: umusaruro utangira iyo ibikoresho batewe, ntabwo iyo kubitsa neza. Baza ikirangaminsi cyiyemeje kugabanywa muburyo / icyitegererezo, igihe cyo gukora, nigihe cyo gupakira. Amagambo muminsi 45 avuye muruganda rukora 95% nubushobozi bwiminsi 60 mubikorwa.
Amafaranga / ibikoresho.Gutera ibishushanyo byumusarani umwe - ukoresha $ 6,000–18,000. Ikibazo ntabwo ari ukumenya niba ibikoresho byishyurwa arikogute: imwe - igihe kiri imbere, yagabanijwe kuri buri gice, cyangwa yashyinguwe bucece mugiciro cyibice. "Nta gikoresho cyo gukoresha" ku kirango {{2} model icyitegererezo gishya bivuze ko ibishushanyo bishyinguwe ahantu runaka. Urutonde rwicyitegererezo kimwe rugomba gutwara hafi - ibikoresho bya zeru - yacu
yerekana uburyo bwo kugenzura gahunda yo gukuramo.
4. Imbonerahamwe Yamagambo Yagereranijwe
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irasubiramo imirongo itatu kuri gride imwe. Ni aurugero rwakazi rwo kwerekana- ibiciro birerekana, ntabwo ari amagambo yavuye muruganda runaka. Buri murongo uhuza ibipimo bisabwa hamwe nibimenyetso ugomba gusaba, kugereranya rero birumvikana aho gushimangirwa.
Ibisobanuro byafashwe muri uru rugero:imwe - igice cya vitreous china umusarani, umubiri urasaImpamyabumenyi 1280mu itanura rya tunnel, kwinjiza amaziNtibiri munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.5%(ISO 10545-3), uburebure bwa glaze0.8–1.2mm, FOB icyambu cyo mu majyepfo yUbushinwa, gutumiza ingano 300.
| Parameter | Ibice by'ibanze (uyu muguzi) | Utanga A. | Utanga B. | Utanga C. | Ibimenyetso byo gusaba |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibikoresho byumubiri | Ubushinwa | Ubushinwa | "Ceramic" (itavuzwe) | Ubushinwa | Icyiciro cyumubiri cyavuzwe mu nyandiko kuri cote |
| Umwirondoro | Kurenza cyangwa bingana na dogere 1280, itanura rya tunnel | Umuyoboro wa dogere 1280 | Impamyabumenyi ya dogere 1260 | Umuyoboro wa dogere 1280 | Ubwoko bwa kiln + temp mubisobanuro bya tekiniki |
| Kwinjiza amazi (ISO 10545-3) | Ntibiri munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.5% | Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.3% | Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.8% | Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.4% | Raporo y'ibizamini kuri buri musaruro |
| Ubunini bwa glaze | 0.8–1.2mm | 1.0mm | 0,6mm | 0.9mm | Glaze igipimo cyerekana cyangwa urupapuro rwa QC |
| Kwihanganirana | Mm 3mm.; Igishushanyo gikomeye kuri buri gishushanyo | Mm 3mm | Mm 5mm | Mm 4mm | Raporo y'ibipimo kuri sample yirukanwe |
| Ingano y'icyemezo | CE (icyitegererezo), cUPC, Ikimenyetso cy'amazi | CE, icyitegererezo A gusa | cUPC yasabye, nta ntera | CE + WaterMark, ibyitegererezo byose | Icyemezo cya PDF + urupapuro rwerekana + agaciro |
| Gupakira | 5-shyira ikarito ya ECT, winjizamo EPS | 5-ply, ECT yavuze | 3-ply, nta ECT | 5-ply, ECT yavuze | Urupapuro rwerekana ikarito + guta ibizamini |
| Incoterm | FOB Ningbo | FOB Ningbo | FOB Shekou | EXW | Umurongo wa fagitire ya Proforma |
| MOQ | Ibice 300 | Ibice 200 | Ibice 500 | Ibice 150 | MOQ ingingo mu magambo yanditse |
| Kuyobora igihe | Iminsi 35 | Iminsi 30 | Iminsi 45 | Iminsi 28 | Gutera - gutangira + gupakira - amatariki yo kurangiriraho |
| Amafaranga / ibikoresho | Imwe - igihe, cyashyizwe ahagaragara | Amadolari 6.000 yagabanijwe | "Nta bikoresho" | $ 7.500 imwe - igihe | Inyemezabuguzi cyangwa gahunda yo gukuramo |
| Igiciro cya FOB | - | $26.50 | $29.00 | $31.80 | Umurongo - ingingo yatanzwe |
Gusoma gride uburyo umuguzi agomba: Utanga B ntabwo ahendutse kumadorari 29.00 kurenza uwatanze A kuri $ 26.50 - ni aibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Isoko rya A $ 26.50 rikeneye amortisation yongeyeho hejuru yubunini bwawe, kandi icyemezo cyacyo cya CE gikubiyemo icyitegererezo kimwe gusa. Utanga C nicyo gihenze cyane kuri buri gice ariko cote yonyine ifite impamyabumenyi, igipimo cyo gupakira, nurutonde rwibimenyetso bihuye nibyingenzi nta mpamyabumenyi. Urusobekerane rwimikorere ntiruhitamo uwaguhaye - ruhatira itandukaniro kumugaragaro aho ushobora kubigura.
5. Nigute dushobora kugenzura buri murongo
Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya nibyiza gusa nkibimenyetso biri inyuma ya selile. Ongeraho izina ryinyandiko kuri buri murongo mbere yo kugereranya:
- Umubiri no kurasa:Icyemezo cyanditse cyumubiri wumubiri hamwe nibice bya kilo mubisobanuro bya tekiniki ya cote; itanura ryibiti igice niba uruganda ruzagabana imwe.
- Kwinjiza amazi:raporo y'ibizamini bya buri cyiciro ISO 10545-3 - raporo imwe kuri buri musaruro, nta murongo umwe "wapimwe". Iwacukugenzura ubuziranenge no kugerageza protocole yububiko bwisuku ceramicurutonde imiterere ya raporo yo gusaba.
- Ubunini bwa glaze:ubunini bwa glaze yerekana igipimo cyarashwe, cyangwa ifoto y'umusaraba -; uburyo bwo gupima bugomba kwitwa.
- Ubworoherane:raporo yikigereranyo kuri sample ya mbere yirukanwe, yapimwe nigishushanyo cyawe; gusinya mbere yuko umusaruro utangira.
- Icyemezo:icyemezo cya PDF hamwe nurupapuro rwarwo nitariki yemewe; genzura nimero yicyitegererezo ihuye na SKU yawe.
- Gupakira:urupapuro rwerekana ikarito hamwe nu rutonde rwa ECT, hiyongereyeho igitonyanga - inyandiko y'ibizamini cyangwa amashusho ya karito yuzuye.
- Amagambo yubucuruzi:ingingo ya MOQ, inyemezabuguzi ya proforma hamwe na Incoterm, hamwe na fagitire y'ibikoresho cyangwa gahunda yo gukuramo.
Utanga isoko utanga ibimenyetso birindwi byose muminsi itanu yakazi aragusubiramo ibicuruzwa. Utanga isoko asubiza inyuma kurutonde rwibimenyetso ubusanzwe arinda itandukaniro ryihariye gride yagaragaza.
6. Ibendera ritukura mugereranya ayo ari yo yose
- Amagambo yanzekuri leta kurasa ubushyuhe cyangwa urwego rwumubiri.
- Kwinjiza amazibyavuzwe nkurwego rurimo 0.8% cyangwa irenga.
- Ubunini bwa glaze munsi ya 0.8mmkugurishwa nk "urwego rwubucuruzi."
- "CE yemejwe"udafite nimero yicyitegererezo cyangwa urupapuro rwerekana.
- MOQ ihindukaiyo ubisabye mu nyandiko.
- "Nta giciro cyo gukoresha ibikoresho"ku kirango - icyitegererezo gishya.
- Igihe cyo kuyobora iminsi 30kuva mu ruganda rukora ku bushobozi bwuzuye.
- Utanga isokoninde utazashyira urupapuro rwihariye kuri cote.
Umurongo w'urufatiro
Ntushobora kugereranya ibikoresho byogusukura ibikoresho byisuku kugeza igihe ubisanzwe kurupapuro rumwe, urwego rumwe rwubucuruzi, nurutonde rwibimenyetso. Ibice birindwi - ingingo fatizo - chine vitreous china, kurasa dogere 1280, Kurenza cyangwa kungana na 0.5% kwinjiza amazi, 0.8-1.2mm glaze, kwihanganira ibipimo, urugero rwimpamyabumenyi, hamwe no gupakira - wongeyeho Incoterms, MOQ, igihe cyo kuyobora, hamwe namafaranga yububiko, bihindura imibare itatu itagereranywa muri gride ushobora kugenzura. Ohereza gride hamwe na RFQ itaha, saba ibimenyetso mbere yo kubitsa, hanyuma ureke urupapuro rwabigenewe, ntabwo ari igiciro, hitamo uwaguhaye isoko.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Kuki ntashobora kugereranya amagambo yisuku kubiciro bya FOB wenyine?
Umubare wa FOB ni igiteranyo cyibintu bine buriwese atanga avanga muburyo butandukanye: ibisobanuro bifatika, inzira yumusaruro, amagambo yubucuruzi, hamwe ninyandiko ziri inyuma yazo. Amagambo abiri ku giciro kimwe arashobora gusobanura ibicuruzwa bibiri bitandukanye. Kora buri cote kurupapuro rumwe rurindwi - ingingo yerekana (umubiri, kurasa, kwinjiza amazi, umubyimba wa glaze, kwihanganira, urugero rwerekana ibyemezo, gupakira) wongeyeho Incoterm imwe, icyambu kimwe, umuzingo umwe, hamwe nurutonde rwibimenyetso mbere yo kugereranya ibiciro.
Nibihe bipimo bigomba guhura mbere yo kugereranya imirongo ibiri?
Irindwi - ingingo y'ibanze:vitreous china umubiri, kurasaImpamyabumenyi 1280hamwe no gushira mumatara ya tunnel, kwinjiza amaziNtibiri munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.5%kuri ISO 10545-3, ubunini bwa glaze0.8–1.2mm, kwihanganira ibipimo ku bipimo bikomeye, urugero rwo kwemeza (icyitegererezo, isoko, agaciro), hamwe nipaki yo gupakira (ikarito ya ECT, gushyiramo). Amagambo yubucuruzi agomba kandi guhuza: Incoterm, MOQ, kuyobora igihe cyo gusobanura, nuburyo amafaranga yububiko / ibikoresho byishyurwa.
Ingano yo kwemeza isobanura iki kandi kuki igira ingaruka kubiciro?
Amazina yerekana impamyabumenyiicyitegererezo,amasoko, n'ikiAmatariki yemeweIcyemezo. "CE yemejwe" idafite numero yicyitegererezo ntabwo ari sp. Icyemezo gikubiyemo icyitegererezo kimwe cyurwego ni umurongo utandukanye wibicuruzwa kuruta kimwe gikubiyemo ibintu byose byoherejwe hanze, kandi itandukaniro ryibiciro nukuri. Buri gihe saba icyemezo cya PDF hamwe nurupapuro rwacyo kandi urebe umubare wikitegererezo uhuye na SKU yawe.
Nigute MOQ, kuyobora igihe, hamwe namafaranga yo guhinduka ahindura ayahe magambo meza?
MOQ ni itanura ryubukungu, ntabwo ari politiki - uruganda rurasa ibice 1040 kuri kilo yumutwaro wavuzwe na MOQs ihuye nizuba, bityo ibicuruzwa bimwe birashobora gutandukana nibice 200 hagati yinganda. Igihe cyo kuyobora kigomba gusobanurwa kuva gutangira, ntabwo bivuye kubitsa kubitsa. Amafaranga / ibikoresho byo gukoresha umusarani umwe -$6,000–18,000kandi igomba kuba imwe - igihe kandi igashyirwa mubintu; "nta gikoresho cyo gukoresha" ku kirango {{1} model icyitegererezo gishya bivuze ko ibishushanyo byashyinguwe mu giciro cy’ibice, kandi reord ya moderi iriho igomba gutwara hafi - ibikoresho bya zeru.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso nshobora gusaba kugenzura kugereranya amagambo?
Inyandiko ndwi: icyiciro cya test yo kwinjiza amazi kuri ISO 10545 - 3 (imwe kuri buri musaruro); uburebure bwa glaze yerekana igipimo cyarashwe hamwe nuburyo bwiswe; raporo yikigereranyo kuri sample ya mbere yirukanwe; Icyemezo cya PDF gifite urupapuro rwagutse nitariki yemewe; urupapuro rwerekana ikarito hamwe na ECT igipimo wongeyeho igeragezwa ryibizamini; inyemezabuguzi ya MOQ na fagitire ya proforma hamwe na Incoterm; na fagitire y'ibikoresho cyangwa gahunda yo gukuramo. Utanga isoko utanga irindwi yose mugihe cyiminsi itanu yakazi asubiramo ibicuruzwa, ntabwo ari inkuru.
📋 Shaka Amagambo yo Kugereranya Inkunga Yawe RFQ ikurikira
Ukeneye ubufasha busanzwe amagambo atatu kurupapuro rumwe, kugenzura raporo yikizamini, cyangwa kugenzura amafaranga yatanzwe nigihe cyo kuyobora? Menyesha Yingjie Wiyuhagirire kumpapuro zerekana, kugenzura ibimenyetso, nibiciro byinshi.
Gusaba Amagambo yo Kugereranya Inkunga & Igiciro Cyinshi
