Iyo dukoresheje ijambo "umusarani" uyumunsi, byunvikana nkijambo risanzwe, burimunsi - rimwe dukunze guhagarika kubaza. Ariko iri jambo rigezweho nirigezweho gusa mumurongo muremure wibirango igikoresho cyabaye ingirakamaro mumico yabantu mumyaka ibihumbi.
Kugira ngo dusubize ikibazo "Ubwiherero bwiswe iki?", Tugomba kunyura mumico ya kera, impinduka zindimi, hamwe n imyumvire yumuco kubijyanye nisuku - tugaragaza uburyo societe yitaga (kandi ikareba) iki gihangano cyingenzi.
Umuco wa kera: "Ubwiherero" bwa mbere n'amazina yabo
Kera cyane mbere yuko ijambo "umusarani" ribaho, societe zo hambere zashyizeho uburyo bwibanze bwisuku - kandi bari bafite amagambo yihariye kuriyi nyubako, akenshi ajyanye nimirimo yabo cyangwa igishushanyo cyayo.
1. Mezopotamiya na "Cesspit" (3000 MIC)
Bumwe mu buryo bwa mbere buzwi bw’isuku bwatangiye muri Mezopotamiya ya kera (modern - umunsi wa Iraki), ahagana mu 3000 MIC. Ingo zikize hamwe ninyubako rusange byagaragazaga umwanya muto, ufunze uhujwe nu mwobo wo munsi wakusanyaga imyanda. Ibyo byobo byari bizwi nkacesspits(kuva mu kilatinicessare, bisobanura "gutuza"), ijambo riracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe mu gusobanura ububiko bwo munsi y’imyanda. Bitandukanye n'ubwiherero bugezweho, bashingiye ku rukuruzi aho gushingira ku mazi, ariko bakoraga intego imwe: gutandukanya abantu imyanda yabo.
2. Misiri ya kera na "Intebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo"
Muri Egiputa ya kera, isuku yari ifitanye isano rya bugufi n’idini, kandi intore zakoreshaga hejuru, intebe - nk'inyubako zifite umwobo zisuka mu bibindi cyangwa mu mwobo. Aba ntibiswe "ubwiherero" (ijambo ritari kubaho mu myaka ibihumbi) ariko bakunze kwitakwiyuhagira (sesh) cyangwa gusa "guta imyanya." Ibibindi byari munsi yabyo byasibwaga ubusa kandi bigashyingurwa, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko Misiri yari isobanukiwe neza n’isuku muri kiriya gihe.
3. Roma ya kera: "Latrine" na "Forica"
Abanyaroma bahinduye isuku rusange hamwe nubwiherero bunini -foricae(ubuke:forica). Izi nyubako zubakishijwe amabuye, ziboneka mu mijyi nka Roma na Pompeii, zagaragazaga umurongo wintebe za marimari hejuru y’imyanda itemba, yatwaraga imyanda kure y’imijyi. Ijambo "forica" birashoboka ko ryaturutse mu kilatiniforis, bisobanura "hanze" - kuva ubwiherero bwa mbere wasangaga akenshi hanze yingo. Abanyaroma na bo bakoresheje ijambolatrina(Kuvalavare, "gukaraba") kubwiherero buto, bwigenga, ijambo ryaje guhinduka "umusarani" mucyongereza kandi n'ubu riracyakoreshwa mubisirikare cyangwa hanze.
Hagati Hagati Yambere Yigihe: Guhindura Amazina nimyitwarire
Nyuma yo kugwa kwingoma y’Abaroma, gahunda y’isuku yagabanutse mu Burayi, kandi amagambo y’ubwiherero yabaye menshi cyane (kandi akenshi ni ikinyabupfura) agaragaza imiterere yoroheje y’isuku.
Garderobe
Mu gihome no mu binyejana bya kera, umusarani rusange wasangaga "garderobe" - icyumba gito cyangwa igiti kiva mu igorofa yo hejuru kigana mu mwobo cyangwa mu rwobo munsi. Ijambo ryaturutse mu Gifaransa Keragarde - ikanzu.
Privy
Mu kinyejana cya 16, ijambo "privy" (riva mu kilatiniprivatus, "Private") yamenyekanye cyane mu bwiherero buto, bufunze. Yashimangiye ubuzima bwite bwikibanza, impungenge nyamukuru mugihe societe yarushijeho kwibanda kubwiyoroshye.
Inzu y'ibiro
Ijambo ryakinyejana cya 17 -, "inzu y'ibiro" ryakoreshwaga mu bwiherero bwo mu nzu cyangwa igice - mu bwiherero bwo mu ngo mu ngo zikize, bugaragaza umwanya nk'igice gifatika (niba atari cyiza) mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Kuzamuka kwa "Umusarani": Uburyo Ijambo ry'igifaransa ryafashe
Ijambo "umusarani" dukoresha uyumunsi rifite inkomoko itangaje - kure cyane yumuryango wacyo wa kijyambere hamwe n imyanda. Bikomoka mu Bafaransaumusarani, ubusanzwe ryerekanaga "umwenda muto" cyangwa "igitambaro" gikoreshwa mugutunganya. Igihe kirenze,umusaranibyahindutse bisobanura inzira yose yo kwambara no gutambuka (tekereza kumvugo "ameza yubwiherero" kubusa).
Mu kinyejana cya 18, ubwo gahunda y’isuku yo mu nzu yatangiraga gutera imbere (bitewe n’imibare nka John Harrington - wateguye umusarani wa mbere wogeje mu 1596-nyuma na Thomas Crapper, wamamaye kandi unonosora uburyo bwo koza), ijambo "umusarani" ryatangiye guhinduka.
Ingo zikize zatangiye kongeramo ibyumba bito byegeranye nuburiri bwo gutunganya - kandi muri ibyo byumba wasangaga harimo umusarani wihariye. Nyuma yigihe, izina ryicyumba ("umusarani") ryahujwe nigikoresho ubwacyo. Mu kinyejana cya 19, kubera ko ubwiherero bwogeje bwamenyekanye cyane mu ngo no mu bibanza rusange, "umusarani" wari wasimbuye byimazeyo amagambo ashaje nka "garderobe" na "privy" mu Cyongereza cya buri munsi.
Kuki aya mateka afite akamaro?
Ubwihindurize bwizina ryumusarani butubwira ibirenze inkuru yindimi - byerekana uburyo societe zabonye isuku, ubuzima bwite, nibikenewe byabantu mugihe runaka. Kuva kuri "forica" y'Abaroma (umwanya rusange, umuganda rusange) kugeza kuri "garderobe" yo mu kinyejana cya 5 (ibiranga ingoro) kugeza kuri "umusarani" ugezweho (ibyigenga, ibikenerwa mu nzu), buri zina ryerekana ihinduka ryikoranabuhanga, umuco, n'indangagaciro.
Uyu munsi, dushobora gufata ijambo "umusarani" nkukuri - ariko urugendo rwarwo ruva mumagambo yo gutunganya igifaransa kugeza ijambo ryisi yose yisuku ni urwibutsa uburyo n'amagambo asanzwe afite amateka akungahaye, atunguranye. Igihe gikurikira ukoresheje umusarani, urashobora gutekereza ku mizi yacyo ya kera: "forica" i Roma, "garderobe" mu gihome, cyangwa "cesspit" yoroshye muri Mesopotamiya - byose biganisha ku ijambo tuzi uyu munsi.
